Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on Autologous Cranioplasty in Rabbits

Background: Craniotomy is used to treat open depressed skull fractures, often leading to a skull defect requiring cranioplasty. An alternative technique involving immediate reinsertion of fractured bone after cleaning and disinfecting was tested in rabbits.Objectives: To evaluate autologous cranioplasty in treating open depressed skull fractures in rabbits, using 3% hydrogen peroxide to sterilize contaminated bone fragments before reimplantation.Materials and Methods: Four groups of local rabbits (3.1–4.5 kg, 3–5 months old), each with 4 animals, were examined after surgery. Group A was assessed at 1 week postoperative, Group B at 3 weeks, Group C at 6 weeks, and Group D served as a control with normal bone tissue for histological reference. Rabbits were euthanized under deep anesthesia, wounds were re-explored, and bone fusion was examined by microscope.Results: All treated groups differed from the control. Group A showed inflammation without regeneration. Group B demonstrated moderate tissue response and regeneration. Group C showed significant remodeling and new bone formation. Group D had matured, stable bone with no inflammation or healing activity.Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide-treated bone fragments enhanced healing and graft integration after cranioplasty in rabbits. Group C exhibited the highest healing response, and the method reduced the need for foreign implants or repeated surgeries.