A Multi-Task Dynamic Scheduling Method for Space Launch TT&C Resources Based on Priority Rules and Adaptive NSGA-II

To address the strong constraints, multiple objectives, and high dynamism of space telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) resource scheduling in flight-type launch scenarios, this study proposes a dynamic scheduling approach that integrates priority rules with adaptive multi-task evolution. First, a mixed-integer programming model is developed to capture fixed and mobile equipment, diverse mission requirements, and spatiotemporal coupling constraints, with the optimization objectives of minimizing the total mobile distance, the total number of deployed devices, and the number of mobile devices deployed. Second, a priority-based dynamic rescheduling mechanism is designed to support rolling insertion of emergency tasks and, when necessary, adjust conflicting tasks according to priority rules. Third, an improved NSGA-II algorithm is introduced, incorporating adaptive population adjustment, early stopping, and decoding caching to enhance multi-task search efficiency and convergence stability. Finally, a simulation experiment is constructed based on a typical commercial launch scenario, targeting three types of static task scenarios of different scales; the proposed Adaptive-NSGA-II consistently yields feasible schedules, while reducing the solution time by 70.4%, 62.7%, and 61.0%, respectively, compared with standard NSGA-II. In the dynamic emergency task insertion scenarios, the proposed priority-rule-based rolling rescheduling strategy successfully completes insertion in all three cases, achieves zero additional mobile distance in low-conflict scenarios, and remains significantly superior to the fixed-time direct insertion strategy even under high-conflict conditions. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness, and engineering applicability of the proposed method for TT&C resource scheduling in flight-type launch operations.