Harnessing the potential of schoolyards to alleviate urban green space scarcity in informal settlements: a case study using Nakuru, Kenya

Rapid urbanization poses major challenges to sustainability, especially in informal settlements possessing poor infrastructure and limited green space. This study addresses the scarcity of green spaces in two informal settlements in Nakuru, Kenya. Given the lack of formal parks, we examine whether opening existing schoolyards for community use could supplement green space provision. Using a mixed-method approach, we combine GIS analysis, field observations, and surveys with residents, teachers, and experts. Our results show that only one formal public space exists in the study area, while other green spaces are either inaccessible or require payment. Schoolyards offer proximity and potential for temporary recreation. Survey data indicate strong community support for increased access to green spaces, with two-thirds endorsing the schoolyard initiative, citing potential health and social benefits. However, we frequently noted concerns about security, vandalism, and unclear management responsibilities. Teachers and experts emphasized the need for clear governance frameworks, security measures, and stakeholder coordination. Our findings suggest that the dual use of schoolyards may be a viable and low-cost strategy for improving green space provision in underserved urban areas. Urban planners and policymakers should consider pilot programs that integrate community-led governance and inclusive planning to improve the livability of informal settlements.