Calculation of Carbon Balance and Land Spatial Optimization Allocation for Different Land Use Types in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region of China

Based on six periods of remote sensing image data of land resource utilization from 1995 to 2020, this study conducted an analysis of the carbon balance of land resource utilization in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China and proposed spatial optimization strategies for land resource utilization. The results were as follows: (1) Over the 25-year period, the carbon emissions from land use in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region showed a significant “inverted U-shaped” curve pattern. Construction land was the main carbon source, and the spatial distribution presented a “core–edge” gradient emission pattern, with the highest carbon emission intensity in the core area of Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan, followed by the central area of Jizhongnan, and the ecological area of Jibei maintaining a low-carbon level. (2) Although the total carbon absorption showed a slow growth trend, the regional carbon deficit situation continued to intensify, reflecting the ecological imbalance problem during the rapid urbanization process. (3) Based on the carbon neutrality goal and the main functional zoning, the study optimized and restructured the territorial spatial divisions of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region into six categories, namely, low-carbon maintenance—agricultural product main production area; carbon intensity control—optimized development zone; carbon sink function—key ecological function area; carbon sink function—key development zone; high-carbon optimization—optimized development zone; and high-carbon optimization—key development zone. Resource allocation plans are suggested for each optimized zone, serving as a scientific basis for the coordinated development of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China via low-carbon transformation and territorial spatial optimization configuration.