Lattice Patch Structure for Fixed-Frequency Transmon Quantum Computer with High-Fidelity CNOT Gates

Superconducting transmon processors represent a leading platform for large-scale quantum computing due to their high gate fidelities and scalability. However, conventional qubit–coupler–qubit (QCQ) architectures face critical physical and structural bottlenecks, notably frequency crowding [spectator qubit collisions] during system scaling and inefficient mapping onto the standard surface code. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel lattice-patch architecture that couples four fixed-frequency transmons to a single fixed-frequency coupler. This design enhances qubit connectivity and maps directly onto the surface-code lattice unit [plaquette], thereby minimizing the compilation overhead associated with logical qubit implementation. Furthermore, utilizing an entirely fixed-frequency design intrinsically eliminates susceptibility to external flux noise, ensuring robust operational stability. Multi-level numerical simulations demonstrate CNOT gate fidelities exceeding 0.98 across all six connectivity directions within the patch. Nevertheless, the complex interaction network of the four-qubit architecture induces unintended residual phase accumulation during cross-resonance driving. This parasitic effect necessitates precise calibration, achievable via virtual Rz gates [software phase updates]. Ultimately, our results establish the lattice-patch architecture as an efficient, robust building block for future fault-tolerant quantum computers.