Optimized solar-powered solution for sustainable aquaculture with enhanced safety measures

Aquaculture production worldwide is challenged by unreliable energy, poor load management, and electrical hazards that reduce fish survival and farm output. Through site visits and field assessments across multiple aquaculture facilities, we identified major vulnerabilities including leakage currents, poor grounding, lack of lightning arresters, and frequent power failures that cause fish stress, mortality, and economic losses. To address these issues, we designed an optimized all-in-one solar-powered system tailored for aquaculture operations. The system integrates a 14-kW photovoltaic array with lithium-ion battery storage, supplying 1,400–1,600 kWh per month and meeting approximately 80% of the total 2,000 kWh energy demand of standard 10 kW production units. Smart load management is achieved using an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS), while Residual Current Circuit Breakers (RCCBs) eliminate electrical risks. Efficiency is further improved by Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs), which enhance pump and aerator performance by 20–30%. Wi-Fi-based automation ensures punctual operation and reduces labor costs, while copper plate earthing, industrial surge protection, and lightning arresters safeguard against environmental hazards. With two-four years return on investment and reduced reliance on fossil fuels, this novel system establishes a global benchmark for reliable, safe, and sustainable aquaculture energy solutions, securing both fish life and farmer investment.