Hungry for equity in the Green Mountain State: food insecurity among college students in Vermont

BACKGROUND: There are limited data on food insecurity among college students from different marginalized backgrounds, both in Vermont and other predominantly White spaces, and what their institutions could do to improve food security and other basic needs. Thus, the aims of this study were to 1) examine food insecurity prevalence and its correlates among underrepresented college students, 2) assess their reasons for using campus food pantries and strategies for improving access to culturally appropriate foods on campus, and 3) determine their perspectives regarding how their institutions can address their basic needs. METHODS: Using a mixed methods cross-sectional research design, a convenience sample of full-time students or trainees ages 18 and older enrolled at four institutions of higher education in Vermont, United States, were recruited through flyers, course announcements, newsletters, listservs, and social media posts. An online survey provided estimates of food insecurity, on-campus food pantry use, and participant perspectives on institutional strategies to address basic needs through open-ended questions. Food insecurity was assessed by the 10-item United States Department of Agriculture food security survey module. Descriptive statistics assessed frequencies and percentages along with means and standard deviations. Binary logistic regression was conducted to estimate the odds of food insecurity. Inductive coding was used to analyze qualitative data and identify emergent themes. RESULTS: Around 40% of all participants experienced food insecurity in the past year, with higher odds observed in students aged ≥ 30, Pell Grant recipients, first-generation students, Black students, and those who used a food pantry. The most cited reason for using a campus food pantry was ease of getting to the pantry while lack of awareness was the most reported barrier. Over 50% of participants recommended gathering feedback from students about their preferences to improve access to culturally appropriate foods. Common themes from qualitative analyses included: food access support, safe and affordable housing access, mental health and healthcare access, financial aid access, reliable and affordable transportation access, non-financial academic support, and general support services. CONCLUSIONS: Institutions should prioritize food assistance programs targeting college students and incorporate mental health care, housing support, and financial aid for comprehensive safety nets.