A Comparison of Artificial Intelligence– and Traditionally Designed Respect for Differences Activities for Preschool Children

This study explores the integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, specifically ChatGPT, in designing preschool activities aimed at fostering respect for personal, social, and cultural differences among preschoolers. Sixty pre-service preschool teachers participated, divided into two groups: one tasked with creating activities conventionally, and the other utilizing ChatGPT. A content analysis was conducted to identify and compare main features, strengths, and weaknesses of the activities. The findings revealed that ChatGPT-designed activities emphasized art-based methods, while human-designed activities employed a broader range of techniques, including narration, drama, and games. ChatGPT-generated activities incorporated a wider variety of tools and materials but lacked diversity, often presenting partial variations of similar elements. In contrast, human-designed activities demonstrated greater diversity and depth. This study underscores the potential of generative AI technologies as complementary tools in designing preschool activities. While generative AI can provide novel perspectives and streamline certain aspects of activity design, its limitations highlight the need for controlled and strategic use. Future research should investigate strategies for optimizing the integration of generative AI into educational practices, particularly in addressing areas such as empathy-building, family involvement, and the inclusion of diverse activity formats. By providing insights into the comparative strengths and weaknesses of AI- and human-designed activities, this study contributes to the growing literature on the role of AI in early childhood education.