Investigation of water-based nanofluids flow over a cylindrical stretching sheet under the non-Fourier heat flux model

Hybrid nanofluids, due to their enhanced thermal conductivity, have applications in electronic cooling systems, solar thermal collectors, energy storage, and biomedical devices. This study investigates the unsteady mono-nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid flow towards a stagnation point over a stretching permeable sheet in cylindrical coordinates. The model incorporates magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects, thermal radiation, activation energy, Brownian motion, thermophoretic, and the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and solved numerically using the shooting method combined with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta scheme. The results show that the unsteady parameter leads to a reduction in the heat transfer rate by up to 5.31%. Furthermore, a 26.67% increase in the temperature ratio parameter results in a 4.72% increase in the mass transfer rate. These findings provide valuable insights into thermal and mass transport mechanisms, supporting the optimization of advanced thermal management systems.