Collaborative Primary-Care Workforce Models: An Integrative Review of Evidence Informing RN Prescriber Integration with Family Physicians and Nurse Practitioners

Background/Objectives: Registered nurse (RN) prescribing is increasingly discussed as a strategy to improve primary-care access, medication follow-up, chronic disease management, and service responsiveness. The available evidence, however, does not directly test a single coordinated RN prescriber–family physician/nurse practitioner (FP/NP) model. This integrative review synthesized heterogeneous evidence relevant to how RN prescribing may be organized within team-based primary care. Methods: A structured integrative review approach was used to map evidence from nurse and non-medical prescribing, RN-led primary care, nurse–physician substitution, interprofessional collaboration, chronic disease medication titration, patient-experience, and implementation research. Searches completed on 30 March 2026 included PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed Central, the Cochrane Library search interface, publisher full-text platforms, targeted scholarly searches, citation chasing, and Canadian regulatory/professional sources. Methodological quality was appraised using AMSTAR 2- and CASP-informed criteria, and the strength of interpretation was assessed narratively. No meta-analysis was performed because of substantial heterogeneity and the risk of double-counting primary studies included in prior evidence syntheses. Results: A total of 286 records were identified. After de-duplication, screening, and eligibility assessment, 37 peer-reviewed records were included: 30 review-level or evidence-synthesis records and 7 primary, mixed-methods, or patient-experience studies. Four official regulatory/professional sources were retained separately for context. Nurse and non-medical prescribing were generally associated with comparable or favourable outcomes for blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, medication adherence, patient satisfaction, and selected access outcomes in defined contexts. Direct evidence for the exact RN prescriber–FP/NP configuration remains limited. Conclusions: Current evidence is consistent with a coordinated RN prescribing model embedded within primary-care teams, but does not establish causal superiority of this configuration over other models. Coordinated RN prescribing should therefore be understood as an evidence-informed and testable implementation model requiring prospective evaluation, particularly for diagnostic safety, adverse events, continuity, workload, cost, and patient-level outcomes.

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Publication Details

Journal
Healthcare
Published
2026-06-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14131899
Primary Topic
Nursing Roles and Practices
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Collaborative Primary-Care Workforce Models: An Integrative Review of Evidence Informing RN Prescriber Integration with Family Physicians and Nurse Practitioners

Dawid Karczewski, Avni K. Patel, Merjorie M. A. Pinero, Tomasz Karczewski
Healthcare
Nursing Roles and Practices
article

Collaborative Primary-Care Workforce Models: An Integrative Review of Evidence Informing RN Prescriber Integration with Family Physicians and Nurse Practitioners

Dawid Karczewski, Avni K. Patel, Merjorie M. A. Pinero, Tomasz Karczewski
article en

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Registered nurse (RN) prescribing is increasingly discussed as a strategy to improve primary-care access, medication follow-up, chronic disease management, and service responsiveness. The available evidence, however, does not directly test a single coordinated RN prescriber–family physician/nurse practitioner (FP/NP) model. This integrative review synthesized heterogeneous evidence relevant to how RN prescribing may be organized within team-based primary care. Methods: A structured integrative review approach was used to map evidence from nurse and non-medical prescribing, RN-led primary care, nurse–physician substitution, interprofessional collaboration, chronic disease medication titration, patient-experience, and implementation research. Searches completed on 30 March 2026 included PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed Central, the Cochrane Library search interface, publisher full-text platforms, targeted scholarly searches, citation chasing, and Canadian regulatory/professional sources. Methodological quality was appraised using AMSTAR 2- and CASP-informed criteria, and the strength of interpretation was assessed narratively. No meta-analysis was performed because of substantial heterogeneity and the risk of double-counting primary studies included in prior evidence syntheses. Results: A total of 286 records were identified. After de-duplication, screening, and eligibility assessment, 37 peer-reviewed records were included: 30 review-level or evidence-synthesis records and 7 primary, mixed-methods, or patient-experience studies. Four official regulatory/professional sources were retained separately for context. Nurse and non-medical prescribing were generally associated with comparable or favourable outcomes for blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, medication adherence, patient satisfaction, and selected access outcomes in defined contexts. Direct evidence for the exact RN prescriber–FP/NP configuration remains limited. Conclusions: Current evidence is consistent with a coordinated RN prescribing model embedded within primary-care teams, but does not establish causal superiority of this configuration over other models. Coordinated RN prescribing should therefore be understood as an evidence-informed and testable implementation model requiring prospective evaluation, particularly for diagnostic safety, adverse events, continuity, workload, cost, and patient-level outcomes.

HealthcareVol. 14(13)
Partnerships for the goals
Openalex Percentile: Top 6%
Nursing Roles and Practices
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