Implementation Characteristics of Social Sustainability in Large-Scale Office Buildings within Urban Mixed-Use Developments - A Case Analysis of Booking.com City Campus, Amsterdam -

Purpose: Large-scale office buildings have rarely been examined through the lens of social sustainability, which has typically focused on residential areas, neighborhoods, and public spaces. This paper addresses that gap by analyzing how social sustainability is spatially produced in Booking.com City Campus, a large-scale headquarters located within the mixed-use urban development of Oosterdokseiland, Amsterdam. Method: The study draws on prior research covering social sustainability, post-pandemic workplace change, and healthy indoor environments to establish an analytical framework. The case building is further situated within the planning principles of the Oosterdokseiland masterplan. Using qualitative case study methods, including official project documents, technical sources, and architectural media, the analysis proceeds along four dimensions: the urban interface and layered publicness of the lower levels, the communal floor and vertical community system, distributed support programs and diversity of use, and environmental conditions for healthy long-stay occupancy. Result: Social sustainability in the case building does not depend on openness alone. Rather, it emerges from the interaction of these four spatial conditions working in combination. The degree to which the building sustains relationships between the city and its internal users matters more than formal openness as such. These findings suggest that evaluating social sustainability in large-scale office buildings requires looking beyond area provision toward how access, program, and environment are spatially integrated — a point with direct implications for the regulation of publicly accessible spaces in high-density urban office developments in Korea.