Interventions to Survive Both Gender-Based Violence and the Volcanic Eruption on La Palma (Spain)

The 2021 eruption of the Tajogaite volcano in La Palma (Spain) triggered a prolonged emergency in which numerous cases of gender-based violence occurred. This study analyses how a gender perspective was incorporated into risk management during the eruption, focusing on institutional and social responses to intimate partner violence against wome n. Using a qualitative methodology, the research drew on a total of 46 participants — 39 in individual interviews and 7 in 2 group interviews — including technical staff, decision-makers, and social activists. Interviews were analyzed through MAXQDA software and team coding. Findings reveal insufficient preparedness and the absence of specific protocols to address gender-based violence in disaster contexts. The study emphasizes the importance of developing prevention strategies and implementing clear, specific procedures for managing such cases during emergencies. It also highlights the need for stronger inter-institutional coordination and continuous training of professionals and decision-makers from a gender perspective. Additionally, recommendations include allocating greater financial resources, developing public information campaigns, and establishing effective evaluation mechanisms. Overall, the research underlines that only a comprehensive and coherent response can guarantee adequate protection for victims of gender-based violence in future disasters, ensuring that emergency management integrates gender considerations from the outset.