Biological Activities of Russula chloroides with Antioxidant Anticholinesterase and Antiproliferative Potentials

The edible mushroom species Russula chloroides, which is a member of the Russulaceae family, is well-known for both its ecological significance and biological activity. In this study, the antiproliferative, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant properties of the species were assessed. After preparing the extract using the Soxhlet technique, commercial kits were used to measure the extract's total antioxidant capacity (TAS), total oxidant level (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). Using the Ellman technique, anticholinesterase activity was assessed for the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The MTT technique was used to examine the antiproliferative impact on A549 lung cancer cells. The results showed that the R. chloroides extract's TAS value was 2.877 mmol/L, its TOS value was 16.382 µmol/L, and its OSI value was 0.570. The values of AChE and BChE were found to be 92.58 μg/mL and 114.23 μg/mL, respectively. The A549 cell line demonstrated dosedependent cytotoxicity, and at doses of 100-200 μg/mL, the extract exhibited strong antiproliferative effects. As a result, R. chloroides could be a useful natural resource for pharmacological and functional food uses. These findings suggest that the observed oxidative balance parameters reflect the redox-regulating capacity of the extract, while cholinesterase inhibition indicates potential neuroprotective relevance, and the dose-dependent cytotoxicity supports its possible application as a natural anticancer candidate.