Rhodopsin‐mimetic adaptive photodetectors for intelligent and secure vision systems

Abstract Biological vision achieves reliable perception across wide illumination ranges through dynamic photoreceptor adaptation. Inspired by this principle, we report a rhodopsin‐mimetic photovoltaic dual‐transistor (PVT 2 ) photosensor cell integrating a quasi‐2D perovskite photodiode with dual IGZO thin‐film transistors. By electrically regulating light‐induced charge accumulation and release, the PVT 2 device enables adaptive operation spanning scotopic and photopic regimes. The device exhibits a responsivity of up to 139 A W –1 , a photo‐to‐dark current ratio exceeding 10 7 , and a tunable recovery time down to 10 −3 s, relaxing the trade‐offs among responsivity, photo‐to‐dark current ratio, and recovery dynamics. At the array level, PVT 2 sensors autonomously maintain high image contrast under fluctuating ambient illumination while suppressing inter‐pixel crosstalk. Beyond imaging, the light‐intensity‐dependent operating window functions as a reconfigurable hardware key, enabling single‐band visible‐light communication with accurate decoding and quantifiable per‐symbol entropy. This work demonstrates a solid‐state strategy for integrating adaptive vision sensing and physical‐layer security, enabling scalable integration for adaptive optoelectronic systems. image