The impact of Chinese diplomacy on achieving Saudi-Iranian reconciliation, compared to the American efforts as a model

This study examines the impact of Chinese diplomacy on achieving Saudi-Iranian reconciliation, in comparison with American efforts toward the same objective. It explores how China’s diplomatic approach, grounded in dialogue, non-interference, mutual respect, and cooperative development, contributed to the restoration of diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran in March 2023. The study also analyzes the wider regional implications of this reconciliation, particularly its potential role in reducing tensions and supporting stability in the Middle East. Using the historical and descriptive analytical approaches, the research traces the development of Saudi-Iranian relations, China’s strategic relations with both parties, and the role of the Belt and Road Initiative in creating a framework for cooperation and mutual interests. The findings indicate that Chinese diplomacy has been more effective and constructive than American efforts, which have often been shaped by alliance politics, unilateral policies, and support for one side against another. The study concludes that China’s mediation represents a significant diplomatic achievement and a practical model for resolving regional disputes through peaceful negotiation, multilateral cooperation, and respect for sovereignty. It further argues that the success of Saudi-Iranian reconciliation may contribute to addressing broader regional crises in Yemen, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and Palestine, provided that regional and international actors cooperate to sustain dialogue and avoid escalation.