Chronic Inflammation and Cancer Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Advances in Resolution Pharmacology

Chronic inflammation is a pivotal pathophysiological process driving carcinogenesis, tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. While the termination of inflammation was historically viewed as a passive dissipation event, recent research has established it as an active biochemical program governed by Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs). Based on cutting-edge research from 2022 to 2025 and clinical data, this review provides an in-depth analysis of the failure of lipid class switching, receptor signal transduction networks, the role of resolution-phase macrophages (M-res), and the Sulciner Effect. Furthermore, it highlights Resolution Pharmacology as the emerging fourth pillar of cancer therapy, particularly through nanomedicine and synergistic strategies with immune checkpoint inhibitors.