Challenging the cornerstone: Toward risk-adapted follow-up in early breast cancer

The follow up in early breast cancer represented a major challenging in oncology practice. Current guidelines are supported by evidence demonstrating no benefit of intensive surveillance.Despite evidence, many oncologists still practice a more intensive follow-up, prompting studies to evaluate and improve real-world effectiveness: the effectiveness of routine screening is further questioned by the varied relapse patterns across breast cancer subtypes. Rethinking surveillance as a calibrated clinical choice, rather than an automatic procedure, is a scientific and civic duty in the era of personalized and sustainable healthcare.