Classical morphological identification keys for Aphididae (Hemiptera) species in fruit orchards

The accurate identification of pests is crucial for determining effective control measures against them. For this purpose, it is essential to know exactly which pests are present in the areas where agricultural production is carried out, and to create the necessary information, documentation, and methods to identify these pests quickly and accurately. Indeed, among plant pests, aphids (Aphidoidea: Hemiptera) represent an important group due to their ability to serve as vectors. They are polymorphic species that form many morphologically distinct forms within the same species. The presence of two or more distinct phenotypes within the same species population, along with morphology and biology that vary according to ecological conditions, creates challenges in both macroscopic and microscopic identification. Therefore, diagnoses are quite difficult. However, intraspecific variation also hinders safe and accurate diagnosis.Between 2016 and 2019, field studies conducted in Ankara province and its districts examined 1925 aphids from 301 samples collected at 133 locations, and 20 species were identified on fruit trees in Ankara province. The necessary data regarding the distinguishing morphological characteristics of the identified species were collected, and literature-supported keys were prepared. It is thought that this study could serve as a valuable resource for the accurate and rapid identification of harmful aphid species in fruit cultivation, which is an important part of economic entomology.