Epidemiological survey on canine parvovirus in the Urban Commune of Labé, Guinea

Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) is one of the most important viral diseases affecting domestic dogs worldwide, particularly in unvaccinated and poorly managed canine populations. Despite its major veterinary and economic impact, epidemiological information regarding canine parvovirus remains scarce in Guinea, especially in the urban commune of Labé. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of canine parvovirus and identify factors associated with infection among dogs in the study area. A descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted between September and November 2024 among 102 dogs selected from seven neighborhoods of the urban commune of Labé. Rectal swab samples were collected from dogs after owner consent and analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the detection of CPV-2 genetic material. Epidemiological and management data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to dog owners and breeders. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression to evaluate potential associations between infection and selected risk factors. The overall prevalence of canine parvovirus was 10.8% (11/102), confirming active viral circulation in the study area. Higher prevalence rates were observed in male dogs (11.9%) and free-roaming dogs (11.5%) compared with female dogs and caged dogs, respectively. Dogs aged 6-10 years showed the highest prevalence (20.0%). However, no statistically significant association was identified between infection and the investigated factors (p > 0.05). In addition, the survey revealed low owner awareness of canine parvovirus and limited vaccination practices. These findings indicate that canine parvovirus remains an important animal health concern in the urban commune of Labé. Strengthening vaccination programs, improving owner awareness, promoting responsible dog management, and reinforcing epidemiological surveillance are necessary to reduce viral transmission and associated canine health losses.