Prevalence of, and factors associated with, urogenital pelvic floor disorders among women from a refugee-background: A cross-sectional study

Objectives This study examined the prevalence of and factors associated with urogenital pelvic floor disorders among women from a refugee background in Australia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and July 2023 among women aged 18 to 65 years who entered Australia on humanitarian visas. Participants completed questionnaires in English, Arabic, or Persian. Recruitment occurred via community centres in Melbourne, Australia, and social media. Urogenital pelvic floor disorders were defined as any urinary incontinence (stress-only, urge-only, or mixed) or bothersome pelvic organ prolapse symptoms, assessed using the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Short Form Questionnaire and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory-6. Intimate partner abuse was measured using the Woman Abuse Screening Tool. Results Of 326 participants (median age 40 years), 50.3% (95% confidence interval 44.9 to 55.7%) reported urogenital pelvic floor disorders, including urinary incontinence (44.2%) and bothersome pelvic organ prolapse symptoms (26.5%). Urinary incontinence was associated with bothersome pelvic organ prolapse symptoms (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.2) and intimate partner abuse (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.9). Bothersome pelvic organ prolapse symptoms were associated with age (adjusted prevalence ratio 2.8 for 36 to 50 years; adjusted prevalence ratio 2.2 for 51 years or older) and intimate partner abuse (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.7). Overall, pelvic floor disorders were more likely among women aged 36 to 50 years (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.6), employed women (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.4), and those reporting intimate partner abuse (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.4). Conclusion Urogenital pelvic floor disorders were highly prevalent and associated with age, employment, and intimate partner abuse. These findings underscore the need for culturally responsive care and interventions addressing social determinants among refugee women.