Climate change and AMR in animal diseases: a one health perspective on emerging global risks

The convergence of anthropogenic climate change, the escalating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis, and the unabated emergence of zoonotic infections represents a profound planetary health challenge of the twenty-first century (GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators 2021 ; Mora et al. 2022 ). While antibiotic exposure is widely recognized as the primary selection pressure for AMR, recent large-scale genomic evidence suggests that global warming and hydrological extremes may act as macro-environmental contributors that challenge the ecological barriers containing resistant pathogens (Zhou et al. 2026 ). This editorial integrates these intersecting crises through the One Health conceptual framework, utilizing non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), a ubiquitous zoonotic pathogen bridging agricultural, environmental, and human host interfaces, as a sentinel model system. We delineate how micro-evolutionary pathoadaptive mechanisms might facilitate pathogen persistence within intensive production systems, and how macro-genomic analyses reveal that climate variables are significantly associated with an estimated 10% increase in the global AMR baseline. Crucially, we propose a tripartite governance framework combining climate-informed genomic surveillance, targeted animal health interventions, and integrated cross-sectoral policies to mitigate this emerging systemic risk.