Factors Affecting Students' Cognitive Development in Calistung Ability: A Case Study of Class I SDN 3 Banjar Agung

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the cognitive development of students in reading, writing, and numeracy skills (calistung) in grade I students of SDN 3 Banjar Agung. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type involving 19 students in one class as the research subject. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation to obtain an in-depth picture of students' calistung abilities. The results of the study show that students' calistung abilities are still varied, where some students have been able to read, write, and count well, while others still have difficulties in recognizing letters, stringing words, and understanding the concept of numbers and simple counting operations. Students' cognitive development in calistung ability is influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factors include students' learning interests, motivation, and readiness to learn, while external factors include the role of teachers, learning methods, family environment, and learning facilities and infrastructure. The findings of this study show that calistung's ability is not only influenced by the learning process at school, but also by the support of the family environment and the student's learning experience. Therefore, an integrated effort is needed between teachers and parents in creating a conducive learning environment and the use of appropriate learning methods to improve students' ability to improve their ability to understand optimally.