Localization in Medical Imaging: A Unified AI Approach for Ovaries, Follicles, and Vertebral Arteries

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, which are being actively developed in modern medicine today, increase the speed and quality of patient care. This article mainly seeks to demonstrate the use of various options of computer analysis of clinical images to solve practical problems of increasing the efficiency of routine diagnostics using retrospective analysis, as well as show the potential for its widespread implementation (due to the scalability of the architecture) in practical healthcare, exemplified by ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data analysis. This is an interuniversity study, its research protocol was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee of Orel State University named after I. S. Turgenev (Protocol No. 25 dated 16 November 2022). The software was developed using Python 3.7 and open neural network models. Statistical processing included an efficiency assessment for which IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 was used. Detection errors in the analysis of 550 US cases did not exceed 6–8% and were associated with technical difficulties due to image quality. When studying 1030 MRI studies, only 0.19% of cases failed to obtain reliable image analysis results. The differences in the average values for the dimensional characteristics of the studied vessels were 0.11–0.12 mm. The effectiveness of AI in clinical tasks is presented. The improvement in segmentation accuracy was achieved through the use of step-by-step image optimization during the AI training stage. The evolution of technologies in medicine, aimed at digitalization and personalization, is intended to improve the quality and speed of studying images in practical work.