EXO-SCAFFOLDS: REGENERATING PERIODONTIUM

The periodontium is a complex, dynamic entity comprising a harmonious union of hard and soft tissues that envelop and stabilize teeth. This intricate relationship between hard and soft tissues enables the periodontal system to effectively absorb and dissipate masticatory forces, thereby ensuring its structural and functional integrity. The regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues, remains a significant hurdle in periodontitis treatment. The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to achieve periodontal regeneration. Consequently, there is a pressing need to explore novel therapeutic approaches. Exosomes, which are derived from stem cells, have emerged as a promising adjunct to stem cell therapy, exhibiting comparable therapeutic outcomes. These nanoscale vesicles have demonstrated remarkable potential in modulating immune responses, mitigating inflammation, regulating microbiota, and promoting tissue repair, with particular efficacy in rejuvenating periodontal tissues. Moreover, the integration of exosomes with biomaterial scaffolds in periodontal tissue engineering plays a vital role in the treatment of periodontal defects, from scaffolds that create the microenvironment and deliver signaling molecules.