Application of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in the Comprehensive Care of Patients with Breast Cancer

Breast cancer remains one of the most significant challenges in modern oncology, while advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are creating new opportunities to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment personalization. The aim of this review was to summarize current and emerging applications of AI in the comprehensive care of patients with breast cancer. This study was conducted as a structured narrative review with elements of integrative evidence synthesis based on publications retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. The review included studies evaluating machine learning and deep learning approaches, such as support vector machines, random forests, convolutional neural networks, Vision Transformers, foundation models, self-supervised learning, federated learning, and multimodal AI systems. The strongest clinical evidence currently concerns AI-supported mammographic screening, where large prospective and real-world studies suggest improvements in cancer detection and workflow efficiency. Applications involving MRI, ultrasound, histopathology, molecular prediction, treatment-response assessment, and treatment selection have shown promising performance, but most remain investigational because of limited prospective multicenter validation. Emerging approaches integrating imaging, pathological, molecular, and clinical data show considerable potential for precision oncology. AI may also support treatment selection, patient monitoring, and survivorship care. Despite promising results, widespread clinical implementation remains limited by challenges related to data heterogeneity, model interpretability, external validation, and integration into clinical workflows. Further prospective multicenter studies are required to establish the safety, reliability, and clinical utility of AI-driven systems in breast cancer care.