P19: Unification of Particle Physics: Deriving Fine Structure and Coupling Constants, W, Z, and Higgs Boson Masses, Redefining and Unifying Gravity and Time

The standard model of particle physics requires 19 to 26 experimentally inserted free parameters with no derivation from a deeper physical substrate, including the masses of the W and Z bosons, the fine structure constant, the strong coupling constant, and the electroweak mixing angle. This paper derives all of them from a single physical quantity, the intrinsic Spaticle substrate equilibrium density ρ_s, reducing two dozen disconnected empirical inputs to one substrate anchor. Seven results are derived: the coupling constant lambda connecting its SI form to the dimensionless galaxy-fit form; the strong coupling constant alpha_s from the Paper 16 free-energy functional coefficients; the fine structure constant alpha from the internal Spaticle circulation asymmetry; the W and Z boson masses from the substrate reconfiguration energy formula; the electroweak mixing angle sin^2(theta_W) from bifurcation chirality; the physical nature of time as substrate propagation, with gravitational time dilation derived as local to the deformation domain; and the full derivation of the DD-1 deformation domain equation from the covariant carrier field equation F1-cov. Three further conceptual closures are derived: the formal emergence of the metric tensor from substrate propagation structure; a unified propagation principle connecting gravity, inertia, time, and the speed of light; and an explicit proof that the Spaticle substrate is Lorentz-compatible with no preferred drift frame. An independent cross-check confirms the condensation scale at the centre of these derivations: the ħ derivation of Paper 16 and the alpha derivation of this paper share R0 as a common parameter, and substituting six independently measured physical constants into standard electromagnetism extracts R0 = 1.2735 with no BFUT assumptions, agreeing with the geometrically derived R0 = 1.27348 to 0.0007%. Combined with the gravitational domain dynamics and quantum carrier behaviour derived in this paper, all of these results follow from the single substrate density ρ_s. The same density underlies three independent empirical validations across this paper and Paper 18: 175 SPARC galaxy rotation curves (χ² = 1.31, no per-galaxy tuning), KiDS-1000 weak gravitational lensing across four stellar-mass bins (χ² = 0.007 to 0.067, against 5.77 to 6.57 for NFW profiles), and the GW170817 post-merger carrier relaxation, confirmed at tau_obs approximately 18.6 ms against the derived vacuum floor tau_c = 4.6 ms. The Spaticle field is identified as the single substrate accounting for the anomalies historically attributed to dark matter, and as the underlying carrier from which gravity, time, inertia, the speed of light, particle masses, coupling constants, and the metric tensor all emerge as constrained consequences of its condensation topology and relaxation dynamics.