Analysis of the causes of fires in electric vehicles, taking into account the conditions of their operation in the Siberian federal district

A comprehensive analysis of the causes of fires in electric vehicles is carried out, focusing on the operating conditions in the Siberian Federal District. Modern scientific concepts of the thermal runaway mechanism in lithium-ion batteries are considered, the key factors of fire hazard, including gas release and toxicity of combustion products, are highlighted. Based on the analysis of regional features (low temperatures, lack of infrastructure), specific risk factors are identified and directions for improving expert investigation methods and preventive measures are proposed. The article presents current statistical data on the growth of the electric vehicle fleet in Russia and their distribution by region, with special attention paid to the subjects of the Siberian Federal District. The physicochemical processes leading to thermal runaway of batteries, including the influence of cathode material (NMC, LFP) and state of charge on the intensity of combustion, are examined in detail. The toxicity of combustion products released during accidents involving lithium-ion batteries is analyzed. Additional risk factors typical for operating electric vehicles in low-temperature conditions are identified: increased load on the battery, risks during towing, and charging instability. Recommendations for adapting fire investigation methods are formulated, and preventive measures for electric vehicle owners in Siberia are proposed.