Epidemiological characteristics of oncological diseases of the reproductive system in adults: a comparative analysis of the situation in Russia and the Moscow Region

Objective. A comprehensive epidemiological analysis of the incidence of malignant neoplasms (MN) of the reproductive system in adults in Russia and the Moscow region over recent years. Material and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis was conducted using official state statistics from the Russian Federation from 2011 to 2023. The analysis included MN of the female (breast, vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine body, ovaries, placenta) and male (penis, prostate, testicles) reproductive systems. Incidence was analyzed over time and among different age and sex groups of the adult population (18 years and older). Results. Among the female population, over the 13-year period under review, the incidence of MN in the Russian Federation increased by 33.6% compared to the baseline. Breast cancer accounted for the largest proportion of cases, increasing from 53.1% to 57.0%. A comparison of the intensive incidence rates among the female population in the study areas revealed a trend toward a moderate increase. Among the male population, the incidence of cancer also increased by 50.1%, with the largest proportion of cases being prostate cancer; this rate increased from 94.0 to 96.7%. A moderate increase in the incidence of penile and prostate cancer was noted. For breast, vaginal, and prostate cancer, the highest average annual incidence rates were observed in the 70—79 age group; for vulvar and penile cancer, in the 80 and older age group; and for uterine and ovarian cancer, in the 60—69 age group. The highest average annual incidence rate for cervical cancer is in the 40—49 age group, while in the 30—39 age group, this rate is 26.4 per 100.000. Conclusion. When analyzing the incidence of reproductive system cancers, it is worth noting that, as with most cancers, there has been an increase in incidence rates over the past decade. This epidemiological analysis can serve as a basis for further planning and improving measures aimed at preventing reproductive system cancers both in the Moscow region and nationwide.