Phytochemical characterization and <i>in vivo</i> assessment of the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties of <i>Cynanchum radians</i> against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity

Acetaminophen overdose can cause liver damage, and represents the second most prevalent indication for liver transplantation on a global scale. This study evaluates the hepatoprotective potential of the crude extract from Cynanchum radians aerial parts against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in mice using in vivo model. Phytochemical profiling was conducted using HPLC and GC-MS. The extract reduced ALT and AST levels in groups treated with C. radians in comparison with positive control and demonstrated marked liver protection via histological examinations. It contained 54.74 ± 0.92 mg GAE/g of flavonoids and 37.97 ± 0.12 mg QE/g of phenolics. Analysis revealed eight phenolic compounds, three flavonoids, three fatty acids, and one each of nitrogenous and cyclic hydrocarbons. The hepatoprotective effect may be attributed to the synergistic activity of phenolics and flavonoids, suggesting that C. radians may offer effective natural protection against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.