Injury Profile in German Amateur Women’s Football Is Knee-Centred and Match-Dominated: A Prospective One-Season Cohort Study

Background: Injury epidemiology in women’s football has primarily focused on elite athletes, whereas the amateur level, representing the vast majority of female players worldwide, remains largely under-explored. We aimed to provide a first prospective one-season characterisation of injuries in German amateur women’s football. Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, 26 clubs comprising 450 female amateur players in Bavaria were monitored over the 2023/24 season using standardised time-loss injury questionnaires as used in current professional registry studies. Injuries were characterised by anatomical location, type, mechanism, and activity context (match vs. training); proportions are reported with 95% binomial exact confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 68 injuries were recorded. Regarding injuries with documented information, 66.7% (95% CI 54.0–77.8) were acute traumatic and 78.2% (95% CI 65.0–88.2) occurred during matches. Lower-extremity injuries dominated (80.3%; 95% CI 71.2–90.5), led by the knee as the single most frequent region (28.2%; 95% CI 18.1–40.1). Ligament injuries were the most common injury type (27.9%). Seven ACL ruptures were documented (10.3%; 95% CI 4.2–20.1), all of which occurred during match play. Indirect-contact mechanisms were significantly over-represented among all knee injuries (OR 6.92, 95% CI 1.52–31.6; p = 0.012). Conclusions: Amateur injury profile in this study reproduced the knee-centred, match-dominated pattern of elite female football while carrying a relative ACL burden at the upper end of professional reference data; given the small number of ACL events (n = 7), this signal is hypothesis-generating. These findings support the extension of structured neuromuscular prevention programmes into German amateur women’s football.

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Journal
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Published
2026-06-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15135059
Primary Topic
Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Type
article
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article

Injury Profile in German Amateur Women’s Football Is Knee-Centred and Match-Dominated: A Prospective One-Season Cohort Study

Michael Millrose, Andreas Kopf, Lotta Hielscher, Maximilian Willauschus et al.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
article

Injury Profile in German Amateur Women’s Football Is Knee-Centred and Match-Dominated: A Prospective One-Season Cohort Study

Michael Millrose, Andreas Kopf, Lotta Hielscher, Maximilian Willauschus, Markus Geßlein, Johannes Rüther, Niklas Engel, Hermann Josef Bail, Lorenz Huber, Michael Zalmanovici Trestioreanu, Werner Krutsch
article en

Abstract

Background: Injury epidemiology in women’s football has primarily focused on elite athletes, whereas the amateur level, representing the vast majority of female players worldwide, remains largely under-explored. We aimed to provide a first prospective one-season characterisation of injuries in German amateur women’s football. Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, 26 clubs comprising 450 female amateur players in Bavaria were monitored over the 2023/24 season using standardised time-loss injury questionnaires as used in current professional registry studies. Injuries were characterised by anatomical location, type, mechanism, and activity context (match vs. training); proportions are reported with 95% binomial exact confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 68 injuries were recorded. Regarding injuries with documented information, 66.7% (95% CI 54.0–77.8) were acute traumatic and 78.2% (95% CI 65.0–88.2) occurred during matches. Lower-extremity injuries dominated (80.3%; 95% CI 71.2–90.5), led by the knee as the single most frequent region (28.2%; 95% CI 18.1–40.1). Ligament injuries were the most common injury type (27.9%). Seven ACL ruptures were documented (10.3%; 95% CI 4.2–20.1), all of which occurred during match play. Indirect-contact mechanisms were significantly over-represented among all knee injuries (OR 6.92, 95% CI 1.52–31.6; p = 0.012). Conclusions: Amateur injury profile in this study reproduced the knee-centred, match-dominated pattern of elite female football while carrying a relative ACL burden at the upper end of professional reference data; given the small number of ACL events (n = 7), this signal is hypothesis-generating. These findings support the extension of structured neuromuscular prevention programmes into German amateur women’s football.

Journal of Clinical MedicineVol. 15(13)
University Hospital Regensburg (DE), Institute for Sports Medicine (DE), Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität (DE), “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB (RO), Garmisch-Partenkirchen Medical Center (DE)
Good health and well-being, Gender equality
Openalex Percentile: Top 6%
Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
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