Cytokine-Mediated Hemorheological Alterations in Chronic Chagas Disease

Chagas disease is a parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and remains an important public health problem with changing epidemiological patterns. Both the acute and chronic phases pose diagnostic and prognostic challenges due to the disease’s heterogeneous clinical course. Chronic inflammation and fibrosis associated with Chagas disease lead to anatomical and morphological changes, as well as increased release of inflammatory mediators. These factors may contribute to alterations in blood viscosity and hemorheological behavior. This study aimed to evaluate hemorheological properties and inflammatory cytokine levels in individuals with chronic Chagas disease. Blood samples from 18 individuals infected with T. cruzi and 15 uninfected controls were analyzed. Rheological parameters were measured using a rheometer, and cytokine levels were quantified by flow cytometry. The infected group had a mean age of 57.25 years, including both sexes. The mean time since laboratory diagnosis was 13 years. Hematological analysis demonstrated significant alterations in leukocyte subpopulations and erythrocyte-related parameters, including lymphocyte count, red blood cell indices, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet-related markers. Blood samples from both groups demonstrated non-Newtonian fluid behavior and non-linear flow curves. However, individuals infected with T. cruzi presented significant alterations in blood viscosity compared to controls. Increased serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL8 (IL-8), and IL-10 were also observed in infected individuals. The blood viscosity showed a significant positive correlation with CXCL8 (IL-8) and IL-10 levels. These findings suggest that cytokine-associated hemorheological alterations may contribute to the pathophysiology and clinical progression of chronic Chagas disease.