International geomagnetic reference field: the fourteenth generation
Abstract In November 2024, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the fourteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates the previous generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2020.0, a main field model for epoch 2025.0, and a predictive linear secular variation for 2025.0 to 2030.0. We describe the equations defining the IGRF, the spherical harmonic coefficients for this fourteenth generation model, maps of magnetic declination, inclination, and total field intensity for the model at 2025.0 and maps of the predicted rate of change of the field for the 2025.0 to 2030.0 time period.
Authors
- D. Kudin
- Ciarán Beggan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-0578)
- I. Michaelis
- M. Korte
- R. Holme
- L. Chauvet
- Aubert Jp
- E. Thebault
- R. Claveau
- M Rother
- J. Matzka
- B. Qian
- M. Kada
- Y. Jiang
- J.M. Leger
- V. Lesur
- M. Hamoudi
- S.A. Campuzano
- H. Yao
- L. Gailler
- C Davies
- Y. Shi
- J. Saynisch-Wagner
- H. F. Rogers
- C. Kloss
- M. Fillion
- M. Holschneider
- A. Chulliat
- C. Xiong
- T. Minami
- F D Madsen
- S. Nakano
- K C Zhang
- N. Shakespeare-Rees
- P. W. Livermore
- I. Wardinski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8125-9476)
- H. Amit
- S Sato
- G. Hulot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8011-3096)
- P. Coïsson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-2111)
- R. Deborde (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0735-2370)
- A. Grayver
- R. Krasnoperov
- Y. Yang
- T. Sabaka
- A. Fournier
- Q. Yan
- J. Baerenzung
- Z. Zeren
- W. Brown
- T. Jager
- B. Zhou
- M. Dobrovolsky
- N. Gillet
- J-F. Oehler
- M. Matsushima
- W. Kuang
- P. Amblard
- M. Serrano
- M Mandea
- A. Soloviev
- F. Terra-Nova
- M. Nair
- H. Toh
- K. Gwirtz
- F. J. Pavón-Carrasco
- T. Amezza
- J. Wang
- C. C. Finlay
- D. Rouxel
- N. Olsen
- K. Whaler
- A. Smith
- I. Firsov
- S. Presnyakov
- P. Liu
- X. Rang
- A. Lemgharb
- J. Bregnhøj Lauridsen
- C. Watson
- S. Califf
- M. da Silva
- N. Gomez Perez
- M. Schanner
- L. Tøffner-Clausen
Institutions
- Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FR)
- Macau University of Science and Technology (MO)
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- British Geological Survey (GB)
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Institut de physique du globe de Paris (FR)
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (DZ)
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (US)
- University of Potsdam (DE)
- University of Cologne (DE)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Université Clermont Auvergne (FR)
- Université Paris Cité (FR)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (FR)
- National Institute of Disaster Management (IN)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- Centre National d'Études Spatiales (FR)
- Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (FR)
- Wuhan University (CN)
- Le Mans Université (FR)
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre (FR)
- Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (FR)
- The Institute of Statistical Mathematics (JP)
- Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences (FR)
- Laboratoire d'Électronique des Technologies de l'Information (FR)
- Geophysical Center (RU)
- Instituto de Geociencias (ES)
- Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth (RU)
- GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (DE)
- Université Gustave Eiffel (FR)
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (US)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (FR)
- Institute of Science Tokyo (JP)
- Technische Universität Berlin (DE)
- Kobe University (JP)
- Université de Strasbourg (FR)
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc (FR)
- Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
- Technical University of Denmark (DK)
- Nantes Université (FR)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Earth Planets and Space
- Published
- 2026-06-29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02360-0
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 5.84
Funders
- UK Research and Innovation
- China National Space Administration
- European Space Agency
- British Geological Survey
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales
- China Earthquake Administration
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris