Recent Advances in Organelle-Targeted Gene Delivery Technologies Using Nanomaterials

Organelle-targeted gene delivery provides a powerful approach for precise manipulation of chloroplasts and mitochondria. Organelle-targeted gene delivery technologies based on nanomaterials, such as peptides and carbon-based materials, have been actively developed in recent years. These approaches are fundamentally different from conventional gene delivery methods and enable target-specific gene delivery. In this review, we summarize recent advances in organelle-targeted gene delivery technologies and discuss their future perspectives.