Molecular Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Associated with Virulence and Biofilm Formation

ABSTRACT: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dangerous opportunistic pathogen responsible for a share of nosocomial infections that are often fatal with high morbidity. Its bizarre adaptability, inherent mechanisms of resistance, and capability for biofilm formation significantly contribute to its persistence and complicate effective treatment [1, 2]. The study found the prevalence of P. aeruginosa among broad clinical isolates, assessed its biofilm forming capabilities, mapped the distribution of key virulence genes (lasB, toxA, algD, pvdA) and determined its antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Researchers collected 94 proven P. aeruginosa isolates from a range of clinical sources such as respiratory tract infections, burns, wounds, surgical site infections and catheters. Results presented that the isolates had a strong ability to form biofilms, with most of them showing moderate to strong biofilm production. Moreover, a important presence of virulence genes was renowned among the isolates, exactly lasB (86.2%) and toxA (79.8%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed diverse levels of resistance, with Cefotaxime (46.7%) and Aztreonam (30.7%) being the maximum resistant. Polymyxin B (4.0%) was still very effective. These results demonstration how complicated P. aeruginosa is as a pathogen and how significant it is to keep an eye on it and come up with new ways to treat it because it is resistant to many drugs.