Space Expands, But Matter Also Expands: One Equation, Two Limits, and the Resolution of Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Hubble Tension,(v6.5.1 corrected)
Version 6.5.1 corrects two issues from v6.5and adds one new subsection. CORRECTIONS: (1) Section 3.2 — Angular momentum derivation:The step r²_eff·v_t = L had inconsistent units(m³/s ≠ m²/s). Corrected to:From r·v_t = L (specific angular momentum, m²/s),substituting r_eff = r + GM/c²:v_t = L/r_eff ≈ (L/r)(1 − GM/rc²)Final result (Φ_eff and 43 arcsec/century)is unchanged. (2) Symbol change throughout:δ(r) = GM/rc² renamed to ε(r) = GM/rc²to avoid confusion with the Dirac deltadistribution. Purely notational.(Suggested by a reader.) NEW ADDITION: Section 3.4 — GR spacetime curvature as asnapshot of expansion effects: The two physical effects in Φ_eff are purelyspatial: the approaching-face effect and thesurface-flattening effect of the Sun's expansion.When the Sun's expansion is set to zero and theresult is captured from Mercury's perspective,the snapshot produces exactly GR's spacetimecurvature:- Approaching-face effect → g_tt (depth of gravitational well)- Surface-flattening effect → g_rr (slope of gravitational well) GR's time component (g_tt) exists because thespatial expansion effects unfold over time.When frozen into a static snapshot, the temporaldimension must be reinserted explicitly — whichis what the Schwarzschild metric does via g_tt.EFT carries the same information implicitlyin r(t), requiring no separate time component. This explains why GR needs two metric componentsto yield 43 arcsec/century while EFT needs onlythe spatial contraction r_eff = r + GM/c². All scientific conclusions are identical to v6.5.
Authors
- JongJin Ma
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-06-29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21029393
- Primary Topic
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Type
- preprint