HYBRID WARFARE LEGAL GAPS. THE EVOLUTION OF HYBRID WARFARE: DISINFORMATION AND GREY ZONE OPERATIONS BEYOND INTERNATIONAL LAW

Hypothesis: International law’s usual split between war and peace does not cover modern hybrid warfare. As shown by Schmitt et al. (2017) in the Tallinn Manual 2.0, cyber and Grey Zone attacks often stay below the level of an "armed attack," making it hard to identify the attacker and allowing states to break sovereignty rules without facing legal punishment (Bachmann, 2023; Mazarr, 2015).

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-06-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21031265
Primary Topic
Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

HYBRID WARFARE LEGAL GAPS. THE EVOLUTION OF HYBRID WARFARE: DISINFORMATION AND GREY ZONE OPERATIONS BEYOND INTERNATIONAL LAW

Demetre Dzotsenidze
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
article

HYBRID WARFARE LEGAL GAPS. THE EVOLUTION OF HYBRID WARFARE: DISINFORMATION AND GREY ZONE OPERATIONS BEYOND INTERNATIONAL LAW

Demetre Dzotsenidze
article en

Abstract

Hypothesis: International law’s usual split between war and peace does not cover modern hybrid warfare. As shown by Schmitt et al. (2017) in the Tallinn Manual 2.0, cyber and Grey Zone attacks often stay below the level of an "armed attack," making it hard to identify the attacker and allowing states to break sovereignty rules without facing legal punishment (Bachmann, 2023; Mazarr, 2015).

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Georgian National University SEU
Peace, Justice and strong institutions
Openalex Percentile: Top 4%
Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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HYBRID WARFARE LEGAL GAPS. THE EVOLUTION OF HYBRID WARFARE: DISINFORMATION AND GREY ZONE OPERATIONS BEYOND INTERNATIONAL LAW — Demetre Dzotsenidze · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS