Models of the Economics of Production Activities of Penal Institutions Abroad

The article analyzes the economic models of the production activities of penal institutions abroad. The study covers various models of the organization of the penitentiary economy used in economically developed countries — the USA, Great Britain, Germany, France, Canada, Scandinavian countries, Japan. The economic mechanisms of the functioning of correctional institutions, forms of attracting convicts to work, sources of financing, public-private partnership, criteria for the effectiveness of production activities within the penitentiary economy are considered. It is shown that the economic efficiency of penitentiary production depends on such factors as the organizational and legal forms of organization, the level of technologies used, the nature of the products produced, the level of professional training of convicts, the degree of integration with private business. It has been established that foreign penitentiary systems are based on various models of organization – from models focused on self-sufficiency and maximum profit, to social rehabilitation models, the main goal of which is not to make a profit, but to restore the social status of convicts. It was concluded that the most effective and promising are the socio-rehabilitation models of the penitentiary economy, in which economic feasibility is organically combined with social goals — the correction of convicts, a decrease in post-penitential relapses, the formation of stable prerequisites for full social adaptation after release.