Effect of chromogenic beverages on color stability and surface roughness of CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics: an in vitro study

PurposeThis study evaluated the effects of commonly consumed chromogenic beverages on the color stability and surface roughness of three CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics at different time intervals. The study aims to provide comparative data under standardized immersion conditions, addressing a gap in time-dependent color and surface alterations of CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics.Materials and MethodsA total of 168 specimens were prepared from three CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics (Vita Enamic HT 2M2, Cerasmart HT A2, and Brava HT A2). Specimens were immersed in distilled water, coffee, cola, or red wine at 37 ◦C for up to 12 days. Color (ΔE00, CIE L*a*b*), and surface roughness (Ra) were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 days. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (factors: beverage and time) followed by post-hoc tests (α=0.05) was used for statistical analysis.ResultsRed wine produced the highest color change in all materials (p<0.001), followed by coffee, whereas cola and water resulted in significantly lower ΔE00 values. At day 12, Vita Enamic showed greater discoloration and roughness than Cerasmart and Brava (p<0.05). Both ΔE00 and Ra increased significantly with time (p<0.001).ConclusionExposure to chromogenic beverages significantly affected both color stability and surface roughness of CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics. Red wine and coffee were the most aggressive agents, while Cerasmart demonstrated the best stability. Routine dietary counseling and periodic repolishing may be advisable to preserve the long-term esthetic integrity of CAD/CAM restorations.