Recent Advances in Land–Atmosphere Interactions and Atmospheric Water Cycle Feedbacks Under Climate Change

Global warming is reshaping terrestrial water cycling and near-surface climate risks through atmospheric moistening, enhanced precipitation variability, rising evaporative demand, and more frequent compound extremes. This narrative review synthesizes recent advances in land–atmosphere interactions and atmospheric water cycle feedbacks, and its distinctive contribution is to connect physical feedback chains with human land surface perturbations, compound risk, and observation model machine learning evidence. We reviewed the literature from Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, publisher databases, and Crossref metadata, prioritizing peer-reviewed studies published mainly during 2010–2026 while retaining foundational work on soil moisture feedbacks, moisture recycling, irrigation, aerosols, and boundary-layer processes. The synthesis emphasizes where evidence is robust, where feedback signs are regime dependent, and where uncertainty still propagates from evapotranspiration partitioning, boundary-layer diagnosis, aerosol–cloud interactions, human water management, and nonstationary climate conditions. The review concludes that the same land surface perturbation may cool locally, increase humid heat exposure, alter downwind precipitation, or intensify water depletion, depending on the climate regime, season, scale, and management. Future research should therefore move beyond single-variable correlation analyses toward causal, cross-scale, and risk-oriented attribution frameworks that integrate multi-source observations, process models, moisture tracking, and physically constrained machine learning.