New data on Metaima monogenetic volcanic field in the Central Cordillera, Colombia

The Metaima Monogenetic Volcanic Field (MMVF), located on the eastern flank of the Central Cordillera of Colombia, represents one of the least studied monogenetic volcanic fields in the northern Andes despite its proximity to densely populated areas. This study presents new geological, morphometric, stratigraphic, geophysical, and seismological data that improve understanding of its eruptive history, age, and volcanic hazard potential. The MMVF comprises three volcanic structures: Guacharacos, Alsacia, and Tabor volcanoes. Field observations, drone imagery, LiDAR analysis, and petrographic data indicate that these are well-preserved monogenetic edifices, including Strombolian scoria cones, a phreatomagmatic tuff ring, and associated lava flows composed of high-Mg basaltic to basaltic-andesitic magmas. Morphological, morphometric, and stratigraphic relationships suggest that Guacharacos is the oldest volcanic complex, followed by Alsacia, whereas Tabor is the youngest structure. Stratigraphic relationships with the ∼5000 yr BP Cerro Machín pyroclastic deposits indicate a Holocene age for part of the volcanic field. Magnetic anomalies beneath the Ibagué Fan suggest additional buried volcanic bodies, implying more extensive volcanism than currently recognized. Seismic activity recorded near Alsacia since 2016 may indicate ongoing tectono-magmatic or hydrothermal processes. These observations suggest that the MMVF should be considered a potentially active volcanic field.