Bamboo Particle-Epoxy Biocomposites: Influence of Particle Size and Filler Loading on Mechanical and Physical Performance

Agricultural waste accumulation and reliance on non-biodegradable composites present serious environmental challenges. This study investigates epoxy biocomposites reinforced with bamboo particles, focusing on the role of particle size and filler content on performance. Composites were fabricated via a controlled stir-casting method using varied particle sizes and weight fractions. Microstructural analysis revealed fairly uniform particle distribution with minimal voids, indicating good bonding between filler and matrix. Physical results showed increased density, from 1.11 g/cm³ for neat epoxy to 1.21 g/cm³ at 15 wt. % fine particles. Water absorption decreased to about 0.17 % at moderate filler levels, suggesting improved structural compactness. Mechanical properties were composition-dependent, with optimal performance at 12 wt. % fine particles, achieving 24.35 HV hardness and 64.88 MPa compressive strength due to effective stress transfer. However, impact resistance declined slightly with higher filler loading and larger particles, indicating increased brittleness. Overall, tailoring particle size and concentration significantly enhances composite performance, demonstrating the potential of bamboo-reinforced epoxy as a sustainable, lightweight engineering material.