Effects of Materials Used in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles on Flight Performance: A Comprehensive Review

This study examines the effects of materials used in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) on flight performance through a comprehensive literature review. The research evaluates the influence of different material types on aerodynamic efficiency, weight, strength, range, and payload capacity. The mechanical and physical properties of commonly used materials such as aluminum, carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), glass fiber, and Kevlar were compared to analyze their suitability for UAV structures. The findings indicate that composite materials significantly reduce structural weight compared to metal-based materials, thereby improving fuel efficiency, maneuverability, and flight endurance. Thermoset polymers, particularly epoxy resins, are preferred due to their high stiffness, strong fiber adhesion, and chemical stability. Thermoplastics, on the other hand, offer the advantage of recyclability. Carbon and Kevlar fibers are widely used in both military and civilian UAVs for the production of wings and fuselage components due to their high strength-to-weight ratios. Furthermore, composite materials provide notable advantages in terms of corrosion resistance, vibration damping, and design flexibility. In conclusion, appropriate material selection is a critical factor in enhancing UAV performance and sustainability by ensuring an optimal balance between lightness, durability, and aerodynamic efficiency.