Physicians’ attitudes and perceived diagnostic confidence in point-of-care ultrasound in gynecology and obstetrics (GO-POCUS): a prospective single-center implementation study with structured training

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care Ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly introduced in obstetrics and gynecology as a focused bedside extension of conventional ultrasound, although evidence on its implementation in routine care remains limited. This study examined physicians' attitudes towards POCUS, their perceived diagnostic confidence across different clinical scenarios, and their preference for POCUS compared with standard ultrasound devices. These outcomes were assessed during early implementation in routine care accompanied by structured training. METHODS: In this prospective, longitudinal implementation study, 22 physicians from a university department of gynecology and obstetrics evaluated standard ultrasound devices at baseline (T0a), completed a structured hands-on POCUS training, and assessed POCUS immediately after training (T0b) and after 2 weeks (T1), 1 month (T2), and 3 months (T3) of clinical use. Evaluations were conducted using repeated quantitative surveys. Outcomes were attitude (4 items, 7-point Likert), perceived diagnostic confidence in obstetric and gynecologic scenarios (17 items, 7-point Likert), and device preference (7-point Likert and dichotomous). Quantitative analyses included descriptive statistics, paired tests, mixed-effects models, and non-parametric sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Attitude toward POCUS was significantly more favorable than attitude toward standard devices at baseline (T0a 3.69 vs. T0b 5.83; p < .001) and remained high throughout follow-up. Perceived diagnostic confidence for POCUS was not higher immediately after training but increased significantly over time in both obstetrics and gynecology after independent clinical use (both p < .001). Highest confidence was observed in focused bedside scenarios relevant to rapid orientation and immediate decision-making, including fetal vitality assessment, placental localization, amniotic fluid assessment, postvoid residual urine measurement, and urinary tract obstruction, whereas confidence remained lower for more complex applications such as cervical length assessment, Doppler-based examinations, and fetal growth restriction. Preference for POCUS was already high at baseline and remained stable over time. CONCLUSIONS: POCUS showed high acceptance in gynecologic and obstetric care from early implementation to routine use. Its clinical relevance appears greatest for focused mobile use and rapid bedside decision-making. These findings were observed during early implementation and support the role of POCUS as a complement to comprehensive ultrasound. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Registry of Clinical Trials; registration number: DRKS 00036941; date of registration: July 16, 2025; title: GO-POCUS: Point-Of-Care UltraSound in Gynecology and Obstetrics: Attitude and Perceived Diagnostic Confidence among Physicians.