Improvement of fire protection systems based on a synergistic approach to the development of integrated automatic fire alarm systems and evacuation warning and control systems

The article solves the actual scientific task of increasing the efficiency and reliability of fire protection systems of facilities by developing a comprehensive methodology of deep integration of automatic fire alarm systems (AFS) and systems of warning and evacuation control (SOVU). This approach allows taking into account such critical factors as the density of the human flow, the rate of spread of hazardous fire factors, as well as the psychophysiological state of evacuees. The scientific novelty is the application of a holistic synergetic approach to the design of fire protection systems, which considers them not as a set of independent subsystems, but as a single, adaptive cyber-physical complex with continuous feedback. The theoretical significance of the work is the development of a detailed mathematical model of dynamic, adaptive control of evacuation flows in real time, based on the continuous analysis of real parameters of fire development and human behavior. The developed technical requirements include unified data exchange protocols and adaptive routing algorithms, which ensures the scalability of the solutions. The practical value is confirmed by the proposed hardware and software solutions and technical requirements, the implementation of which allows to reduce the estimated time of complete evacuation by 25-30% compared to traditional, disparate systems. The implementation of the research results is particularly effective for facilities with mass presence of people — shopping centers, train stations, stadiums and production buildings. The paper presents the results of complex simulation modeling in specialized software environments, which clearly demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed solutions. The obtained data can be used in the development of regulatory documents and industry-specific design standards.