THE IMPACT OF IMPLANT-SUPPORTED PROSTHETIC REHABILITATION ON THE FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

Relevance. Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are common functional disorders of the stomatognathic system and are characterized by a multifactorial nature. In the context of the widespread use of dental implantation, there is an ongoing debate about the possible influence of implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation on the functional state of the TMJ. Objective. To analyze the impact of dental implant-supported prosthetics on the functional state of the TMJ and to identify risk factors for the development of articular manifestations. Materials and Methods. A systematized review of clinical studies and scientific publications devoted to the biomechanical and functional aspects of prosthetic rehabilitation supported by dental implants was conducted. The literature search was performed in international and national databases (PubMed, Scopus, eLIBRARY) using keywords related to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), dental implantation, and occlusal relationships. The analysis included original clinical studies, prospective and retrospective observations, as well as systematic reviews. Parameters of TMJ functional status, occlusal characteristics, changes in dimension, and types of prosthetic constructions were evaluated. Results. With functionally justified planning, dental implant-supported prosthetics in most cases is not accompanied by a deterioration in the TMJ condition and may contribute to its stabilization. New articular complaints are registered relatively rarely and more often reflect the processes of functional adaptation of the stomatognathic system. Risk factors include changes in the vertical dimension of occlusion, instability of occlusal contacts, biomechanical features of the prosthetic design, parafunctions, and pre-existing dysfunction. Conclusions. Implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation is accompanied by a functional adaptation of the stomatognathic system and cannot be considered a completely neutral intervention in relation to the TMJ. Further prospective studies with unified diagnostic criteria are necessary.