Proper Total Domination in Generalized Fans and Wheels

A set S of vertices in a graph G is a total dominating set if every vertex of G is adjacent to (totally dominated by) some vertex of S. The number of vertices in S that totally dominate a vertex v of G is denoted by σS(v). A total dominating set S is a pt-dominating set (or pt-dominating set) if σS(u)≠σS(v) for every two adjacent vertices u and v of G. The pt-domination number γpt(G) of a graph G is the minimum cardinality of a pt-dominating set in G. Two well-known classes of highly symmetric graphs are investigated here, namely fans and wheels. For n≥2, the fan Fn is the join Pn∨K1 of the path Pn of order n and the complete graph K1 of order 1, while for n≥3, the wheel Wn is the join Cn∨K1 of the cycle Cn of order n and K1. For a positive integer t, the general fan Fn,t is the graph Pn∨K¯t and the general wheel Wn,t is the graph Cn∨K¯t where K¯t is the empty graph of order t. All fans, wheels, general fans and general wheels are determined that possess pt-dominating sets. Furthermore, pt-domination numbers of all these graphs are determined as well.

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Publication Details

Journal
Symmetry
Published
2026-06-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18071092
Primary Topic
Advanced Graph Theory Research
Type
article
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article

Proper Total Domination in Generalized Fans and Wheels

Ping Zhang, Sawyer Osborn
Symmetry
Advanced Graph Theory Research
article

Proper Total Domination in Generalized Fans and Wheels

Ping Zhang, Sawyer Osborn
article en

Abstract

A set S of vertices in a graph G is a total dominating set if every vertex of G is adjacent to (totally dominated by) some vertex of S. The number of vertices in S that totally dominate a vertex v of G is denoted by σS(v). A total dominating set S is a pt-dominating set (or pt-dominating set) if σS(u)≠σS(v) for every two adjacent vertices u and v of G. The pt-domination number γpt(G) of a graph G is the minimum cardinality of a pt-dominating set in G. Two well-known classes of highly symmetric graphs are investigated here, namely fans and wheels. For n≥2, the fan Fn is the join Pn∨K1 of the path Pn of order n and the complete graph K1 of order 1, while for n≥3, the wheel Wn is the join Cn∨K1 of the cycle Cn of order n and K1. For a positive integer t, the general fan Fn,t is the graph Pn∨K¯t and the general wheel Wn,t is the graph Cn∨K¯t where K¯t is the empty graph of order t. All fans, wheels, general fans and general wheels are determined that possess pt-dominating sets. Furthermore, pt-domination numbers of all these graphs are determined as well.

SymmetryVol. 18(7)
Western Michigan University (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 4%
Advanced Graph Theory Research
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