On the area-depth symmetry on Łukasiewicz paths
In an effort to further understanding $q,t$-Catalan statistics, a new statistic on Dyck paths called $\mathtt{depth}$ was proposed in Pappe, Paul and Schilling (2022) and was shown to be jointly equi-distributed with the well-known $\mathtt{area}$ statistics. In a recent preprint, Qu and Zhang (2025) generalized $\mathtt{depth}$ to so-called ``$\vec{k}$-Dyck paths''. They showed that $\mathtt{area}$ and $\mathtt{depth}$ are also jointly equi-distributed over such paths with a fixed multiset of up-steps and a given first up-step, and they conjectured that the same holds when also fixing the last up-step. In this short note, we settle this conjecture on the more general context of Łukasiewicz paths by interpreting $\mathtt{area}$ and $\mathtt{depth}$ under the classical bijection between Łukasiewicz paths and plane trees, through which the symmetry is transparent. 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, final version
Authors
- Wenjie Fang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9148-2807)
Institutions
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge (FR)
- Université Gustave Eiffel (FR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science
- Published
- 2026-06-28
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.46298/dmtcs.17405
- Primary Topic
- Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Université Gustave Eiffel