On the area-depth symmetry on Łukasiewicz paths

In an effort to further understanding $q,t$-Catalan statistics, a new statistic on Dyck paths called $\mathtt{depth}$ was proposed in Pappe, Paul and Schilling (2022) and was shown to be jointly equi-distributed with the well-known $\mathtt{area}$ statistics. In a recent preprint, Qu and Zhang (2025) generalized $\mathtt{depth}$ to so-called ``$\vec{k}$-Dyck paths''. They showed that $\mathtt{area}$ and $\mathtt{depth}$ are also jointly equi-distributed over such paths with a fixed multiset of up-steps and a given first up-step, and they conjectured that the same holds when also fixing the last up-step. In this short note, we settle this conjecture on the more general context of Łukasiewicz paths by interpreting $\mathtt{area}$ and $\mathtt{depth}$ under the classical bijection between Łukasiewicz paths and plane trees, through which the symmetry is transparent. 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, final version

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Publication Details

Journal
Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science
Published
2026-06-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.46298/dmtcs.17405
Primary Topic
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

On the area-depth symmetry on Łukasiewicz paths

Wenjie Fang
Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
article

On the area-depth symmetry on Łukasiewicz paths

Wenjie Fang
article en

Abstract

In an effort to further understanding $q,t$-Catalan statistics, a new statistic on Dyck paths called $\mathtt{depth}$ was proposed in Pappe, Paul and Schilling (2022) and was shown to be jointly equi-distributed with the well-known $\mathtt{area}$ statistics. In a recent preprint, Qu and Zhang (2025) generalized $\mathtt{depth}$ to so-called ``$\vec{k}$-Dyck paths''. They showed that $\mathtt{area}$ and $\mathtt{depth}$ are also jointly equi-distributed over such paths with a fixed multiset of up-steps and a given first up-step, and they conjectured that the same holds when also fixing the last up-step. In this short note, we settle this conjecture on the more general context of Łukasiewicz paths by interpreting $\mathtt{area}$ and $\mathtt{depth}$ under the classical bijection between Łukasiewicz paths and plane trees, through which the symmetry is transparent. 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, final version

Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer ScienceVol. vol. 28:3(Combinatorics)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge (FR), Université Gustave Eiffel (FR)
Université Gustave Eiffel
Openalex Percentile: Top 3%
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
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