Assessment of noise pollution levels in nightclubs in Waterloo Sierra Leone and implications for public health

Noise pollution is regarded the third most hazardous form of pollution, following air and water pollution. Nightclubs are significant sources of elevated noise levels that pose health risks to employees, patrons, and nearby residents. Despite these concerns, there is limited data on noise levels within Sierra Leone’s nightlife venues. The aim of this study was to precisely measure and analyze noise pollution levels in five popular nightclubs in Waterloo, Sierra Leone, and evaluate their compliance with the World Health Organization’s limit. Using a calibrated DSM8930 sound level meter set to A-weighting and slow response, maxima and minima noise levels were systematically recorded at approximately 1.5 m above ground level during peak hours (9:00 PM to 12:00 AM) over a period of five weekends (29th November, 2024 – 29th December, 2024). Multiple readings were taken at five-minute intervals, at the center and four corners in each nightclub, with data processed via descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel 2010 to determine mean, maximum, and minimum noise levels The findings revealed that measured maxima and minima noise levels, L MAX. and L MIN. , ranged between 88.0 – 90.4 dBA and 66.0 – 88.4 dBA, respectively, while the mean noise levels ranged from 80.99 – 87.79 dBA across the venues. Specifically, the highest and lowest mean noise levels of 87.79 dBA and 80.99 dBA were observed in Club D and Club B, respectively. Mean L Aeq varied from 65.42 to 72.23 dBA, below the WHO’s recommended limit of 75 dBA. Nightclubs in Waterloo emitted mean L Aeq that complied with the WHO limit, underscoring no immediate health damange. However, there is an urgent need for the Sierra Leone Environmental Protection Agency to develop and enforce noise regulations – ensuring that the requirements for the approval of nightclubs operation include adherence to noise regulations and availabity of noise control measures, and the implementation of routine monitoring to safeguard public health and enhance community well-being. Addressing these issues is critical to prevent adverse health outcomes and preserve community well-being.