Neuropsychological assessment of tetanus anaphylactic shock and medical trauma

Tetanus anaphylactic shock can be life-threatening, yet no studies have examined its short- or long-term neuropsychological and psychological effects. Whether cognitive and psychological symptoms follow tetanus allergic reactions remains unknown. This is the first case report presenting two neuropsychological evaluations of an individual with cognitive and psychological symptoms following a tetanus shot. After receiving the tetanus vaccine, Ms. Tee reported cognitive, speech, and motor deficits. Medical records documented Ms. Tee’s reaction, including temporary paralysis and loss of speech following the tetanus shot. Brain MRI was unremarkable. Psychological distress, particularly traumatic stress and anxiety, was evident post-vaccination, affecting her cognitive and emotional well-being. Neuropsychological testing took place one month and two years after the allergic reaction. Neuropsychological testing revealed significant variability and low scores across various cognitive domains. These results were deemed valid and did not indicate strong evidence of brain-based cognitive impairments. Psychological testing showed notable psychological distress and somatic reactions. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Depression, Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder, Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures (PNES), and Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) were diagnoses made by multiple providers. The concept of ataque de nervios is discussed. This study underscores how fear response during an anaphylactic shock or allergic reaction can be traumatizing and lower cognitive functions. Further, this study necessitates the need for neuropsychological evaluations and support for affected individuals.