Effect of Global Warming on Riverine Hilsa Predator-Prey System: A Study Incorporating Optimal Harvesting Policies

Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), a highly values migratory species in South and Southeast Asian fisheries, is threatened by global warming, which alters its dynamics, distribution, and reproduction. This study analyzes its interactions with prey, equilibrium existence and stability, and maximum sustainable yield (MSY) conditions. Optimal harvesting strategies, derived via Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, incorporate taxation to regulate effort and promote sustainability. Analytical findings are validated through MATLAB and Mathematica simulations, providing ecological and economic guidance for sustainable management under climate change.